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NADH
Nicotinamide adenine
dinucleotide, or NADH, is a coenzyme made
from vitamin B2, or niacin. It’s present
in all living cells. As a coenzyme, NADH
serves an important role in helping enzymes
to function as they should. (An enzyme is a
protein that works like a catalyst in the
body to prompt chemical changes in other
substances; breaking down food into energy
is an example.) Most coenzymes are
synthesized from vitamins, and for optimal
energy production, the body needs good
amounts of them. The coenzyme, NADH, is no
exception.
In people, NADH stimulates
the production of ATP (adenosine
triphosphate), a compound that regulates the
release of energy stored in cells. The more
NADH a cell has, the more chemical energy it
produces.
Research findings indicate
that increased concentrations of NADH in the
brain may boost the production of
neurotransmitters brain chemicals vital to
sound mental function.
Until recently, NADH could
only be given intravenously because stomach
acid would rapidly destroy the delicate
molecule. But a new enteric-coated, oral
tablet containing NADH is now available.
Oral NADH supplementation has
been used to combat simple fatigue as well
as such mysterious and energy-sapping
disorders as chronic fatigue syndrome and
fibromyalgia. Researchers are also studying
the value of NADH supplements for improving
mental function in people with Alzheimer's
disease, and minimizing physical disability
and relieving depression in people with
Parkinson's disease.
Some healthy individuals
also take NADH supplements orally to improve
concentration and memory capacity, as well
as to increase athletic endurance. However,
to date there have been no published studies
to indicate that using NADH is in any way
effective or safe for these purposes.
Specifically,
NADH may help to:
Relieve chronic
fatigue syndrome.
A recent study supported by the Food and
Drug Administration found that the oral form
of NADH helped a small group of patients
with chronic fatigue syndrome. In the study,
31% of the participants said they felt more
vigorous and mentally alert when taking
daily NADH. Only 8% of those taking the
placebo reported such improvements.
Lift general fatigue
as well as fibromyalgia-related exhaustion.
Because NADH increases energy in cells, some
researchers speculate that it may also boost
energy in people with fibromyalgia, a
disorder characterized by muscle pain and
fatigue. NADH may also keep simple, daily
fatigue at bay by helping to supply muscle
cells with energy.
Relieve depression.
Imbalances in brain chemicals are a primary
cause of certain types of depression.
Because NADH stimulates the production of
many key chemicals called neurotransmitters,
it may have a role to play in relieving the
symptoms of depression. No clinical trials
to demonstrate this effect have been
conducted so far, however.
Complement Parkinson's
therapy. There is
early evidence that NADH supplements may
raise levels of dopamine, a compound crucial
to slowing the physical symptoms of
Parkinson's disease and relieving the
depression that often accompanies them.
(People with Parkinson’s disease have
dwindling supplies of dopamine.)
Improve Alzheimer's
symptoms. Some
European studies of NADH have shown promise
for treating people with Alzheimer's
disease, but as of yet, no well-designed
double-blind, placebo-controlled trials have
been conducted to demonstrate this effect.
One preliminary study did show that
cognitive dysfunction improved in a very
small group of Alzheimer's patients taking
NADH.
Special Tips:
--To reduce the risk of
side effects, such as jitteriness and mild
overstimulation, start out with a small oral
dose (2.5 mg a day) for a couple of weeks,
gradually increasing the dose over a period
of two to three weeks.
For chronic fatigue
syndrome, 2.5 mg
twice a day for 10 days or one package, then
5 mg twice a day
For fatigue,
2.5 mg twice a day for 10 days or one
package, then 5 mg twice a day
For fibromyalgia,
2.5 mg twice a day for 14 days (or one
package, see label), then 5 mg twice a day
For Parkinson's
disease, 5 mg a
day, gradually increasing over two weeks to
10 mg twice a day.
For Alzheimer's
disease, 5 mg
twice a day
Take NADH with water on an empty stomach.
There are no known drug or
nutrient interactions associated with NADH
in oral or injectable form, although more
research is needed.
High doses of NADH (10 mg a day or more) may cause
jitteriness, anxiety, and insomnia.
The safety of long-term treatment with oral NADH
remains unclear. Most sources recommend
using it for periods of no more than four
months, then taking a month off before
starting again. An alternative is to take it
only two or three times a week, rather than
daily.
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Ailments
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Dosage
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Alzheimer's Disease |
5 mg twice a day
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Chronic Fatigue
Syndrome |
2.5 mg twice a
day for 10 days or one package,
then 5 mg twice a day
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Fatigue |
2.5 mg twice a
day for 10 days or one package,
then 5 mg twice a day
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Fibromyalgia |
2.5 mg twice a
day for 14 days (or one package,
see label), then 5 mg twice a
day
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Parkinson's Disease |
5 mg a day,
gradually increasing over two
weeks to 10 mg twice a day.
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